Recalcitrant COD in Wastewater: Challenges & Solutions

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a critical parameter in wastewater treatment, measuring the total amount of oxygen required to oxidize both biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic compounds in water. While biodegradable COD is relatively easy to treat using biological methods, recalcitrant COD presents a significant challenge. This type of COD is made up of persistent, hard-to-degrade […]